RNA and Protein Synthesis
This page introduces the three main types of RNA and their roles in protein synthesis, as well as providing an overview of the process from gene to protein.
mRNA MessengerRNA
mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. It contains codons that specify amino acid sequences for protein synthesis.
Vocabulary: A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.
tRNA TransferRNA
tRNA molecules transport amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. They have a specific anticodon that matches the codon on mRNA.
rRNA RibosomalRNA
rRNA is a structural component of ribosomes and plays a catalytic role in protein synthesis.
Highlight: Protein sentezi proteinsynthesis occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation.
The process of gene expression, from DNA to protein, is outlined:
- A specific region of DNA is opened.
- mRNA is synthesized using one DNA strand as a template.
- mRNA passes through nuclear pores to the cytoplasm.
- mRNA attaches to the small ribosomal subunit.
- Translation begins with the start codon AUG.
- tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome.
- Peptide bonds form between amino acids.
- The process continues until a stop codon is reached.
- The completed protein is released from the ribosome.
Definition: mRNA sentezi mRNAsynthesis occurs in the nucleus during transcription, where RNA polimeraz görevi theroleofRNApolymerase is to create an mRNA copy of the DNA template.
The page also mentions key historical discoveries in nucleic acid research, including work by Miescher, Griffith, and Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty.
