Introduction to Magnetism

This page introduces the fundamental concepts of magnetism and magnetic fields, which are closely related to electricity.

Definition: Magnetism is a force that can attract or repel certain materials, particularly those containing iron, nickel, or cobalt (ferromagnetic materials).

Key points about magnetism:

1. Magnetic fields have two poles: North (N) and South (S).
2. Like poles repel, while opposite poles attract.
3. Magnetic field lines conventionally flow from North to South outside the magnet, and from South to North inside the magnet.

Vocabulary: Ferromagnetic materials - Substances that can be magnetized and strongly attracted by magnets.

The page discusses the behavior of magnetic fields and how they interact with each other. It also explains that when a magnet is broken into smaller pieces, each piece retains its own north and south poles.

Highlight: The Earth itself acts as a giant magnet, with its magnetic north pole near the geographic south pole and vice versa.

The document introduces the concept of electromagnetic fields created by electric currents. It explains that a current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field around it, with the direction of the field determined by the right-hand rule.

Example: A straight wire carrying a current upwards will produce a magnetic field circling the wire in a counterclockwise direction when viewed from above.

The strength of the magnetic field (B) produced by a current-carrying wire is directly proportional to the current (I) and inversely proportional to the distance (r) from the wire:

B ∝ I / r

This relationship forms the basis for understanding more complex electromagnetic phenomena and applications in fizik elektrik formülleri.

Electric Current and Circuit Components

This page introduces fundamental concepts of electricity and circuit components. It covers the basics of electric current, resistance, and circuit elements.

Definition: Electric current is the flow of electric charge, typically carried by moving electrons in a conductor.

The direction of conventional current is from positive to negative, opposite to the flow of electrons. Key circuit components discussed include resistors, switches, and diodes.

Vocabulary: Ampere (A) - The unit of electric current, measuring the amount of electric charge passing a point in an electric circuit per unit time.

The relationship between current (I), charge (Q), and time (t) is given by the formula:

I = Q / t

Example: A circuit passes 6 x 10^-3 C of charge in 0.2 seconds. The current is calculated as: I = 6 x 10^-3 C / 0.2 s = 3 x 10^-2 A = 0.03 A

The page also introduces the concept of resistance, which opposes the flow of electric current.

Definition: Resistance (R) is the opposition that a material offers to the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms (Ω).

The resistance of a conductor depends on its length, cross-sectional area, and the material's resistivity. The relationship is given by:

R = ρL / A

Where ρ is the resistivity, L is the length, and A is the cross-sectional area.